Introduction
India’s political and administrative structure is unique because it accommodates tremendous diversity in its geography, culture, and governance needs. Along with the 28 states, India has 8 Union Territories (UTs)—each formed for specific historical, administrative, strategic, or cultural reasons.
In Part 1, we covered reasons for the creation of Union Territories and how they differ from states.
Part 2 dives deeper into their evolution, constitutional provisions, administration models, and key characteristics.
Evolution of Union Territories in India
Union Territories were not originally part of the constitutional design. They emerged gradually due to:
Post-Independence Reorganisation
After 1947, many small provinces, princely states, and colonial territories did not fit the state model—leading to UTs like Delhi, Puducherry, and Chandigarh.
Integration of Former French & Portuguese Colonies
Territories like Puducherry, Daman & Diu, Dadra & Nagar Haveli joined India later and became UTs due to their distinct culture and need for smooth administrative transition.
Strategic & Border Security Needs
Territories with military or naval significance (Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep) required direct central control.
Tribal Protection & Administrative Simplification
Northeastern regions were first kept as UTs to protect tribal cultures and administer them efficiently before being upgraded to full-fledged states.
Constitutional Provisions for Union Territories
Union Territories derive their legal structure primarily from these Articles:
Article 239 – Administration of Union Territories
Every UT is administered by the President through an Administrator (Lt. Governor/Administrator).
Administrator acts as an agent of the Union Government.
Article 239A – Legislative Assemblies for UTs
Enables creation of legislatures and councils of ministers for some UTs.
Introduced for Puducherry; later extended to others.
Article 239AA & 239AB – Special Provisions for Delhi
Creates the National Capital Territory of Delhi with an elected assembly.
Police, land, and public order remain with the Centre.
Article 240 – President’s Power to Make Regulations
President can make regulations for certain UTs, especially where no legislature exists.
Article 241 – High Courts for UTs
Parliament may establish High Courts for UTs or extend jurisdiction of state High Courts over them.
Learnbymaps
Learn by video-
Watch the video “Union and Territories Part 1. Click here